{
    "id": 358837,
    "slug": "hungary-and-geopolitics-endre-b-gastony",
    "nstc": null,
    "title": "Hungary and Geopolitics",
    "subtitle": "The Second World War and the Holocaust 1938-1945",
    "collection_title": null,
    "collection_part_number": null,
    "annotation": null,
    "description": "Guiding principles: Do chronicle the past \u201cas it really happened,\u201d Leopold von Ranke stressed long ago. Abiding by his spirit, this volume narrates the Hungarian nation\u2019s quest for defending a sovereign existence while caught in the middle of a German\u2010Soviet geopolitical struggle decisively influencing life and death. The narrative also considers the diligent Hungarian Jewish community\u2019s attempt of carrying on a normal life despite facing severe domestic and foreign impediments, eventually leading to the enormous Holocaust tragedy. The author is mindful of Baruch Spinoza\u2019s plea of \u201cridicule not, bewail not, nor scorn human actions, but understand them.\u201d Rationality also dictates reflection upon Albert Einstein\u2019s appeal: \u201cMorality is of the highest importance\u2026 for our very existence depends on it.\u201d <br />\n<br />\nHistorical observations: *Despite attending to Hungary\u2019s destabilizing irredentism, Hitler sought no Hungarian invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, and demanded large Honv\u00e9d forces only after his defeat at Moscow *The Holocaust\u2019s intrusion into Hungary was triggered by a German military occupation, while local collusion and collaboration assisted it *Horthy was a calculating politician but not an anti\u2010Semite, resulting in his uneven, positive and negative treatment of the Jewish Magyars. *Sz\u00e1lasi was an anti\u2010Jewish zealot proposing expulsion, but not genocide *Christians individuals and institutions saved many Jewish Magyars *Swedish humanitarian Wallenberg was an American secret agent *Not an \u201cAlpine redoubt,\u201d but \u201cFestung Budapest\u201d defended the Reich *1941\u20101945, circa 500,000 Jewish and 600,000 non\u2010Jewish Magyars died *Intervention, war, and a coup ended the Old Order and the Magyar monarchy.",
    "additional_content": null,
    "bestseller_60": null,
    "imprint": null,
    "language_code": "eng",
    "original_language_code": null,
    "page_count": 422,
    "duration_seconds": null,
    "publication_date_first": "2019-10-04",
    "publication_date_latest": "2019-10-04",
    "cover_url": null,
    "editions": [
        {
            "isbn": "9789463387255",
            "product_form": "BC"
        },
        {
            "isbn": "9789464245745",
            "product_form": "EA"
        }
    ],
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    "created_at": "2025-09-19T13:28:14+00:00",
    "updated_at": "2025-11-04T00:29:18+00:00",
    "publisher": {
        "id": 351,
        "slug": "uitgeverij-aspekt-bv",
        "name": "Uitgeverij Aspekt B.V.",
        "created_at": "2025-09-19T12:26:47+00:00",
        "updated_at": "2025-09-19T15:06:44+00:00"
    },
    "contributors": [
        {
            "id": 219868,
            "slug": "endre-b-gastony",
            "key_names": "Gastony",
            "names_before_key": "Endre B.",
            "prefix_to_key": null,
            "contributor_role": "A01",
            "readable_contributor_role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "genres": [],
    "subjects": [
        {
            "scheme_identifier": "32",
            "scheme_version": null,
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            "subject_code": "680",
            "created_at": "2025-09-19T13:28:14+00:00",
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