{
    "id": 425016,
    "slug": "solitary-persons-frederik-boven",
    "nstc": null,
    "title": "Solitary Persons?",
    "subtitle": "The Conceptualisation of Autism as a Contact Disorder by Frankl, Asperger, and Kanner",
    "collection_title": null,
    "collection_part_number": null,
    "annotation": null,
    "description": "<p>Solitary Persons? describes the autism theories of George Frankl (1897-1975), Hans Asperger (1906-1980) and Leo Kanner (1894-1981). These medical doctors were among the first to work with autistic children. Frankl&rsquo;s role in the history of autism was discovered in 2015 and is clarified here. Asperger and Kanner are well-known founders of autism research, but this dissertation presents new discoveries about their work and a new interpretation of their work as a whole.<br /><br />Frankl, Asperger and Kanner each had a metaphor for autistic children. Frankl used a &lsquo;prisoners&rsquo; metaphor. He believed that autistic children, even when they are with other people, are stuck in a solitary state: they do not express how they feel or notice such expressions in others. Asperger&rsquo;s metaphor for autistic children was that they are &lsquo;machines&rsquo;. He believed that autism involves an overdevelopment of intellect and of independence from the environment. Kanner wrote that autistic children are &lsquo;barometers&rsquo;, sensitive to the emotional climate in their home. He believed that autism is an emotional disorder that affects and is affected by the whole personality.<br /><br />Contemporary theories of autism usually explain only some of its symptoms. This conceptual-historical study is a search for older theories of autism that conceptualise its entire symptomology.</p>",
    "imprint": null,
    "language_code": "eng",
    "original_language_code": null,
    "page_count": 276,
    "duration_seconds": null,
    "publication_date_first": "2022-02-03",
    "publication_date_latest": "2022-02-03",
    "cover_url": null,
    "editions": [
        {
            "isbn": "9789463013949",
            "product_form": "BC"
        }
    ],
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    "created_at": "2025-09-19T13:46:15+00:00",
    "updated_at": "2025-10-29T00:35:08+00:00",
    "publisher": {
        "id": 7100,
        "slug": "eburon-uitgeverij",
        "name": "Eburon Uitgeverij",
        "created_at": "2025-09-19T13:38:46+00:00",
        "updated_at": "2025-09-19T15:13:47+00:00"
    },
    "contributors": [
        {
            "id": 261359,
            "slug": "frederik-boven-2",
            "key_names": "Boven",
            "names_before_key": "Frederik",
            "prefix_to_key": null,
            "contributor_role": "A01",
            "readable_contributor_role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "genres": [],
    "subjects": [
        {
            "scheme_identifier": "32",
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            "subject_code": "770",
            "created_at": "2025-09-19T13:46:15+00:00",
            "updated_at": "2025-09-19T13:46:15+00:00"
        }
    ]
}